Electric vehicles and clean technology
Electric vehicle and clean technology manufacture is governed by a mix of industrial policy and environmental regulation: the PLI schemes, FAME subsidies, state EV policies, battery waste rules and the emissions frameworks that sit over the transition.
Reviewed
What this covers
- PLI scheme eligibility and incentive structuring
- FAME subsidy compliance and disputes
- EV manufacturing joint ventures and technology transfer
- Charging infrastructure licensing and regulatory compliance
- Carbon credit frameworks and emissions trading
- Battery waste management and environmental compliance
- State EV policy and incentive questions
- Foreign investment structuring for clean technology enterprises
The notes behind these capabilities
PM E-DRIVE, the scheme that followed FAME-II and subsumed EMPS-2024, now runs to 31 March 2028 on an outlay raised to INR 11,900 crore, and the last date for a claim under any component is 31 December 2027. The same electric two-wheeler that earns a demand incentive also creates an extended producer responsibility liability under the Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022, counted against sales made two financial years earlier. For an electric two-wheeler maker the two clocks cross in 2026-27, the first year its battery collection target bites, and again in 2027-28, when recycled content in new batteries becomes mandatory.
From 8 October 2025, the Greenhouse Gases Emission Intensity Target Rules, 2025 have given 282 named plants in aluminium, cement, chlor-alkali and pulp and paper a binding emission intensity target for 2025-26 and 2026-27. An amendment in force from 13 January 2026 added 208 more in secondary aluminium, refining, petrochemicals and textiles. A plant that misses its target has to buy and surrender carbon credit certificates for the gap, and a shortfall left uncovered draws environmental compensation at twice the average traded price.
Reference
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